What is the Parallel Universe?

Parallel universes pointing out that there may be other alternative universes and alternative copies in these universes are mainly the subject of cosmology and quantum physics. We often come across parallel universes in Sci-Fi movies. While scientists are working on parallel universe theories and multiple universe models, it is not difficult to accept the existence of parallel universes when quantum physics, relativity theory, string theory, m theory and swelling model are combined.

What is a parallel and multiple universe?

The origin of theories about parallel universes is based on Einstein's ideas; but first, in 1954, the American mathematician and physicist Hugh Everett put forward the thesis that other universes similar to our universe may exist. William James was the first to use the term multi-universe in 1895.

The multiple universe is not a theory, but a model that encompasses parallel universe theories. The multiple universe is the hypothesisical sum of the possible universes that are different, finite and infinite; it includes the nature of each universe and the relationship between these universes. Our universe is only a small part of the multiple universe.

Multiple universes based on quantum physics; it refers to parallel universes where we have alternate copies. However, in the model of multiple universes, we do not have to have copies in parallel universes. In some of the multiple universe models, there are no copies of our universe; There are an infinite number of different universes in the universe.

Jim Baggott, David Gross, as well as scientists supporting one of the multiple universe models such as Stephen Hawking, Steven Weinberg, Brian Greene, Max Tegmark, Andrei Linde, Michio Kaku, David Deutsch, Leonard Susskind, Raj Pathria, Sean Carroll and Neil de Grasse Tyron. There are also scientists like Paul Steinhardt, George Ellis and Paul Davies who argue and criticize that the multi-universe model is not scientific but philosophical.

Another model is Modal Realism, which emerged in philosophy in the 1970s, claiming that all possible universes are equally authentic. In the 1990s, physicists and mathematicians put forward the hypothesis that the universe was included in a mathematical system and that all classes in mathematical systems would be equally real. Although they argued that these universes are related or related to our universe, they did not explain the ‘how’ questions.

The cosmologist Maz Tegmark studied the multiple universe model on four levels by categorizing the known visible space. Brian Greene, the theoretical physicist and string theorist, author of ı The Fabric of The Cosmos ’, discusses parallel universes in nine genres. Greene argues that evidence from the string can be found in the radiation visible from all over the sky.

The theoretical physicist Sean Carroll argues for the existence of multiple universes in 1935, based on the thought experiment called physicist Erwin Schrödinger's quantum physics, the controversial Schrödinger's Cat or the paradox of quantum.

Anthropic Principle

In philosophy, physics, and cosmology, the combination of numerous propositions that take into account that the only intelligent life form capable of making everything computable is homo sapiens is called the Anthropic Principle. According to the Anthropic Principle, if there is more than one universe, they must be in accordance with the laws and constants of physics, like ours, and their life forms must resemble us.

String and M Theories

According to string theory that promises to develop the theory of everything by combining the theory of relativity with quantum physics, the basic particles that make up the universe consist of one-dimensional super-small strings. According to M theory, which is the current and higher dimensional version of string theory, 7 of the string theory which we cannot see from 11 space-time dimensions are very small and curled upon itself.

According to string theory, in the 11-dimensional universe, there are 10,500 ways to arrange the strings; that is, there are over 500 universes in the universe. One of them is the universe we live in. And physicists who often talk about multiple universe models refer to string theory.

Dice Cosmology

Another parallel universe theory derived from physics is membrane cosmology. According to dice cosmology, we do not have copies in other universes; however, parallel universes exist. The 4-dimensional universe we live in is one of an infinite number of universes arranged vertically in at least 5-dimensional universe.

Inflatable Model

The cosmic microwave radiation and the theory of relativity have been dealt with and proved to be the result of the great explosion of the universe. According to the swelling model developed by Alan Guth in 1979, the universe we live in has been swollen due to uncertainties in quantum physics and dispersed rapidly from light.

The swelling model argues that matter and energy are evenly distributed throughout the universe. Which means the big bang can go as far as we can't see. That is, the model of swelling argues that there may be an infinite number of universes in the universe at a speed and distance greater than the speed of light.

According to the theories in multiple universe models; collisions, mergers, or touching of the universes, according to the laws of physics, must release energy and leave their mark.

Some scientists, including Stephan M. Feeney, analyzed the Wilkinson Microwave Direction Probe data in the 2000s and tried to find preliminary evidence that the parallel universes collided. No significant evidence of traces of parallel universes could be obtained from the probe. A similar result was also found when analyzing the data of the Planck Satellite, which was then higher than the probe.

Another method that can prove the existence of parallel universes is to analyze gravitational waves. If there are parallel universes, they can hit the gravitational waves in the universe we live in and change the polarization of starlight. This may be evidence of the existence of parallel universes.